Electricity sources

Electricity sources[edit]

There are many ways to generate electricity, of varying costs, efficiency and ecological desirability.

A passenger train, taking power through a third rail with return through the traction rails

An electric locomotive at Brig, Switzerland

The MAZ-7907 uses an on-board generator to power in-wheel electric motors.

Connection to generator plants[edit]

• Direct connection to generation plants as is common among electric trains, trams, trolleybuses, and trolleytrucks (See also: overhead lines, third rail and conduit current collection)
• Online electric vehicle collects power from electric power strips buried under the road surface through electromagnetic induction

Onboard generators and hybrid EVs[edit]

See also: Diesel–electric transmission, Petrol–electric transmission, and Hybrid vehicle

• Generated on-board using a diesel engine: diesel–electric locomotive and diesel–electric multiple unit (DEMU)
• Generated on-board using a fuel cell: fuel cell vehicle
• Generated on-board using nuclear energy: nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers
• Renewable sources such as solar power: solar vehicle

It is also possible to have hybrid EVs that derive electricity from multiple sources, such as:

• On-board rechargeable electricity storage system (RESS) and a direct continuous connection to land-based generation plants for purposes of on-highway recharging with unrestricted highway range^[36]
• On-board rechargeable electricity storage system and a fueled propulsion power source (internal combustion engine): plug-in hybrid

For especially large EVs, such as submarines, the chemical energy of the diesel–electric can be replaced by a nuclear reactor. The nuclear reactor usually provides heat, which drives a steam turbine, which drives a generator, which is then fed to the propulsion. See Nuclear marine propulsion.

A few experimental vehicles, such as some cars and a handful of aircraft use solar panels for electricity.

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